Methanol Steam Reformer on a Silicon Wafer

Application of Flexible Micro Temperature Sensor in Oxidative Steam Reforming by a Methanol Micro Reformer

Advances in fuel cell applications reflect the ability of reformers to produce hydrogen. This work presents a flexible micro temperature sensor that is fabricated based on micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technology and integrated into a flat micro methanol reformer to observe the conditions inside that reformer. The micro temperature sensor has higher accuracy and sensitivity than a con...

Particle Development in a Fluidized Bed Black Liquor Steam Reformer

Low-temperature gasification of black liquor is a new alternative to the conventional Tomlinson recovery boiler for recovering pulping chemicals and energy from black liquor in pulp and paper mills. This process can be carried out in a fluidized bed based on steam reforming at 600 C using indirect heat supplied via heat exchangers built into the fluid bed. As black liquor is injected into the b...

Spiral Methanol to Hydrogen Micro-Reformer for Fuel Cell Applications

Smart Manufacturing: Application to an Industrial Scale Steam-methane Reformer

Manufacturing industry has witnessed a gradual transition from being a heuristic-driven labor-intensive set of processes to a sophisticated set of automation and model-driven processes where each operation unit in the production chain is automatically controlled and operated at a preset optimum regime. While incremental improvements in overall manufacturing efficiency have been steered by advan...

Hydrophobic silicon wafer bonding

Wafers prepared by an HF dip without a subsequent water rinse were bonded at room temperature and annealed at temperatures up to 1100 “C. Based on substantial differences between bonded hydrophilic and hydrophobic Si wafer pairs in the changes of the interface energy with respect to temperature, secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), we suggest that h...